A Comprehensive Review on Exploring the Potential of Phytochemicals and Biogenic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern causing 700,000 deaths annually. Phytochemicals, natural plant constituents, and biogenic nanoparticles are potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. However, their limited solubility, bioavailability, and stability limit their therapeutic potential. Nanotechnology, particularly biogenic nanoparticles, can overcome these limitations by enhancing biosafety, stability, and controlled release of phytochemical compounds. This review explores the potential of these approaches to address AMR, highlighting their sustainability and eco-friendliness.